import time
import os
def cost(fname):
'用于记录花费'
cost_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
try:#异常处理机制
cost_deposit = int(input('花销金额:'))
cost_mark = input('花销说明:')
except ValueError:
print('无效的金额')
return # 函数的return类似于循环的break，return提前结束函数。
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
print('\nbye-bye')
exit(1)
# 在文件中取出所有的收支记录
with open(fname,'rb') as fobj:
records = pickle.load(fobj)
# 计算最新余额
balance = records[-1][-2] - cost_deposit
# 构建最新一笔收入
record = [cost_time,0,cost_deposit,balance,cost_mark]
# 将收入追加到收支列表中
records.append(record)
# 将最新收支情况写入文件
with open(fname,'wb') as fobj:
pickle.dump(records,fobj)
def save(fname):
save_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
try:
save_deposit = int(input('收入金额:'))
save_mark = input('收入说明:')
except ValueError:
print('无效的金额')
return
except (KeyboardInterrupt,EOFError):
print('bye-bye')
exit(1)
with open(fname, 'rb') as fobj:
records = pickle.load(fobj)
balance = records[-1][-2] + save_deposit
record = [save_time,save_deposit,0,balance, save_mark]
records.append(record)
with open(fname, 'wb') as fobj:
pickle.dump(records, fobj)
def query(fname):
'用于查账'
# 打印表头
print(f'{"date":<15}{"save":<8}{"cost":<8}{"balance":<12}{"mark":<50}')
with open(fname,'rb') as fobj:
records = pickle.load(fobj)
for date,cost,save,balance,mark in records:
print(f'{date:<15}{cost:<8}{save:<8}{balance:<12}{mark:<50}')
def menu():
funcs = {'0':cost,'1':save,'2':query}
prompt = '''(0)开销
(1)收入
(2)查询
(3)退出
请选择（0/1/2/3）:'''
fname = 'account.data'
if not os.path.exists(fname):
init_data = [[time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),0,0,10000,'init_data']]
with open(fname,'wb') as fobj:
pickle.dump(init_data,fobj)
while 1:
try:
choice = input(prompt).strip()
except(KeyboardInterrupt,EOFError):
choice = '3'
if choice not in ['0','1','2','3']:
print('无效输入，重试')
continue
if choice == '3':
print('\nbye_bye')
break
funcs[choice](fname)
if __name__ == '__main__':
menu()
python在财会领域应用：可以用来处理数据，进行更深层次的数据分析，评估预算的时候，快速数据对比。
python相比php\ruby的模块化设计，非常便于功能扩展；多年来形成了大量优秀的web开发框架，并且在不断迭代；如目前优秀的全栈的django、框架flask，都继承了python简单、明确的风格，开发效率高、易维护，与自动化运维结合性好。
Python
是完全面向对象的语言。函数、模块、数字、字符串都是对象。并且完全支持继承、重载、派生、多继承，有益于增强源代码的复用性。Python支持重载运算符和动态类型。相对于Lisp这种传统的函数式编程语言，Python对函数式设计只提供了有限的支持。有两个标准库(functools, itertools)提供了Haskell和Standard ML中久经考验的函数式程序设计工具。
