用java设计一个简单的界面可以参考如下实例:
import javax.swing.JFrame//框架import javax.swing.JPanel//面板
import javax.swing.JButton//按钮
import javax.swing.JLabel//标签
import javax.swing.JTextField//文本框
import java.awt.Font//字体
import java.awt.Color//颜色
import javax.swing.JPasswordField//密码框
import java.awt.event.ActionListener//事件监听
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent//事件处理
import javax.swing.JOptionPane//消息窗口public class UserLogIn extends JFrame{
public JPanel pnluser
public JLabel lbluserLogIn
public JLabel lbluserName
public JLabel lbluserPWD
public JTextField txtName
public JPasswordField pwdPwd
public JButton btnSub
public JButton btnReset
public UserLogIn(){
pnluser = new JPanel()
lbluserLogIn = new JLabel()
lbluserName = new JLabel()
lbluserPWD = new JLabel()
txtName = new JTextField()
pwdPwd = new JPasswordField()
btnSub = new JButton()
btnReset = new JButton()
userInit()
}
public void userInit(){
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)//设置关闭框架的同时结束程序
this.setSize(300,200)//设置框架大小为长300,宽200
this.setResizable(false)//设置框架不可以改变大小
this.setTitle("用户登录")//设置框架标题
this.pnluser.setLayout(null)//设置面板布局管理
this.pnluser.setBackground(Color.cyan)//设置面板背景颜色
this.lbluserLogIn.setText("用户登录")//设置标签标题
this.lbluserLogIn.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.BOLD | Font.ITALIC,14))//设置标签字体
this.lbluserLogIn.setForeground(Color.RED)//设置标签字体颜色
this.lbluserName.setText("用户名:")
this.lbluserPWD.setText("密 码:")
this.btnSub.setText("登录")
this.btnReset.setText("重置")
this.lbluserLogIn.setBounds(120,15,60,20)//设置标签x坐标120,y坐标15,长60,宽20
this.lbluserName.setBounds(50,55,60,20)
this.lbluserPWD.setBounds(50,85,60,25)
this.txtName.setBounds(110,55,120,20)
this.pwdPwd.setBounds(110,85,120,20)
this.btnSub.setBounds(85,120,60,20)
this.btnSub.addActionListener(new ActionListener()//匿名类实现ActionListener接口
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
btnsub_ActionEvent(e)
}
}
)
this.btnReset.setBounds(155,120,60,20)
this.btnReset.addActionListener(new ActionListener()//匿名类实现ActionListener接口
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
btnreset_ActionEvent(e)
}
}
)
this.pnluser.add(lbluserLogIn)//加载标签到面板
this.pnluser.add(lbluserName)
this.pnluser.add(lbluserPWD)
this.pnluser.add(txtName)
this.pnluser.add(pwdPwd)
this.pnluser.add(btnSub)
this.pnluser.add(btnReset)
this.add(pnluser)//加载面板到框架
this.setVisible(true)//设置框架可显
}
public void btnsub_ActionEvent(ActionEvent e){
String name = txtName.getText()
String pwd = String.valueOf(pwdPwd.getPassword())
if(name.equals("")){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"账号不能为空","错误",JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE)
return
}else if (pwd.equals("")){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"密码不能为空","错误",JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE)
return
}else if(true){
this.dispose()
}else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"账号或密码错误","错误",JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE)
return
}
}
public void btnreset_ActionEvent(ActionEvent e){
txtName.setText("")
pwdPwd.setText("")
}
public static void main(String[] args){
new UserLogIn()
}
}
首先:采用什么技术实现
java语言可以使用awt 和swing等技术实现图形界面
推荐使用Swing,因为Swing比AWT更专业,更漂亮,组件更丰富,功能更强大。
2. 其次:分析采用什么布局
边界布局BorderLayout,配合表格布局GridLayout,既简单又美观
3. 最后:分析需求中需要用的组件
学生姓名 学号 显示信息 需要用到文本框JTextField
单选按钮 需要用到组件 JRadioButton
复选框 需要用到组件 JCheckBox
组合框 需要用到组件 JComboBox
图片效果
参考代码如下
//导入所需要的包import java.awt.event.*
import javax.swing.border.*
import javax.swing.*
import java.awt.*
public class ClassFrame extends JFrame {// 写一个类继承自JFrame 窗体
// 定义组件
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L
private JPanel contentPane
private JTextField tfName, tfNum, allInfo
private JRadioButton rb1, rb2
private JCheckBox cb1, cb2, cb3
private JComboBox<String> t1, t2, t3
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
ClassFrame frame = new ClassFrame()// 创建一个窗口实例
frame.setVisible(true)// 让该窗口实例可见
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
})
}
/**
* 窗口属性的设置,内部组件的初始化
*/
public ClassFrame() {
setTitle("选课ing...")//标题
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)// 设置关闭是退出JVM
setSize(450, 339)// 设置窗体大小
setLocationRelativeTo(null)// 窗体居中
contentPane = new JPanel()// 内容面板
contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5))
contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0))// 设置布局
setContentPane(contentPane)
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(5, 1, 5, 10))//5行1列的表格布局
panel.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null))
contentPane.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER)//给panel添加边框
JPanel panel_1 = new JPanel()
panel.add(panel_1)
JLabel label = new JLabel("姓名")
panel_1.add(label)
tfName = new JTextField()
panel_1.add(tfName)
tfName.setColumns(10)
JLabel label_2 = new JLabel("学号")
panel_1.add(label_2)
tfNum = new JTextField()
tfNum.setColumns(10)
panel_1.add(tfNum)
rb1 = new JRadioButton("男")
panel_1.add(rb1)
rb1.setSelected(true)//设置单选按钮中,默认选择的按钮
rb2 = new JRadioButton("女")
panel_1.add(rb2)
ButtonGroup bts = new ButtonGroup()//单选按钮需要加入同一个ButonGroup中才能生效
bts.add(rb1)
bts.add(rb2)
JPanel panel_2 = new JPanel()
panel.add(panel_2)
cb1 = new JCheckBox("高等数学")
panel_2.add(cb1)
t1 = new JComboBox<String>()
t1.setModel(new DefaultComboBoxModel<String>(new String[] { "林老师", "赵老师", "孙老师" }))
panel_2.add(t1)
JPanel panel_3 = new JPanel()
panel.add(panel_3)
cb2 = new JCheckBox("世界经济")
panel_3.add(cb2)
t2 = new JComboBox<String>()
t2.setModel(new DefaultComboBoxModel<String>(new String[] { "张老师", "刘老师" }))
panel_3.add(t2)
JPanel panel_4 = new JPanel()
panel.add(panel_4)
cb3 = new JCheckBox("音乐赏析")
panel_4.add(cb3)
t3 = new JComboBox<String>()
t3.setModel(new DefaultComboBoxModel<String>(new String[] { "王老师", "周老师" }))
panel_4.add(t3)
JPanel panel_5 = new JPanel()
panel.add(panel_5)
JButton jbOk = new JButton("确定")
panel_5.add(jbOk)
JButton jbRest = new JButton("重填")
panel_5.add(jbRest)
JPanel panelSouth = new JPanel()
contentPane.add(panelSouth, BorderLayout.SOUTH)
JLabel labe = new JLabel("选课信息")
labe.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.LEFT)
panelSouth.add(labe)
allInfo = new JTextField()
allInfo.setColumns(30)
panelSouth.add(allInfo)
JPanel panelNorth = new JPanel()
contentPane.add(panelNorth, BorderLayout.NORTH)
JLabel labelTitle = new JLabel("学生选课界面")
labelTitle.setForeground(Color.DARK_GRAY)
labelTitle.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20))
panelNorth.add(labelTitle)
//给确定按钮添加事件处理代码
jbOk.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
StringBuilder info = new StringBuilder()
String name = tfName.getText()
String num = tfNum.getText()
String sex
if (rb1.isSelected()) {
sex = "男"
} else {
sex = "女"
}
info.append(name + num + sex)
if (cb1.isSelected()) {
String c = cb1.getText()
String t = t1.getSelectedItem().toString()
info.append(" " + c + t)
}
if (cb2.isSelected()) {
String c = cb2.getText()
String t = t2.getSelectedItem().toString()
info.append(" " + c + t)
}
if (cb3.isSelected()) {
String c = cb3.getText()
String t = t3.getSelectedItem().toString()
info.append(" " + c + t)
}
allInfo.setText(info.toString())//把学生信息和选课信息放到文本框
}
})
//给重填按钮 设置事件处理代码
jbRest.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
tfName.setText("")
tfNum.setText("")
rb1.setSelected(true)
cb1.setSelected(false)
t1.setSelectedIndex(0)
cb2.setSelected(false)
t2.setSelectedIndex(0)
cb3.setSelected(false)
t3.setSelectedIndex(0)
allInfo.setText("")
}
})
}
}