RC4算法的原理很简单,包括初始化算法(KSA)和伪随机子密码生成算法(PRGA)两大部分。假设S-box的长度为256,密钥长度为Len。先来看看算法的初始化部分(用C代码表示):
其中,参数1是一个256长度的char型数组,定义为: unsigned char sBox[256]
参数2是密钥,其内容可以随便定义:char key[256]
参数3是密钥的长度,Len = strlen(key) /*初始化函数*/void rc4_init(unsigned char*s,unsigned char*key, unsigned long Len){ int i=0,j=0 char k[256]={0} unsigned char tmp=0 for(i=0i<256i++) { s[i]=i k[i]=key[i%Len] } for(i=0i<256i++) { j=(j+s[i]+k[i])%256 tmp=s[i] s[i]=s[j]//交换s[i]和s[j] s[j]=tmp }}在初始化的过程中,密钥的主要功能是将S-box搅乱,i确保S-box的每个元素都得到处理,j保证S-box的搅乱是随机的。而不同的S-box在经过伪随机子密码生成算法的处理后可以得到不同的子密钥序列,将S-box和明文进行xor运算,得到密文,解密过程也完全相同。
再来看看算法的加密部分(用C代码表示):
其中,参数1是上边rc4_init函数中,被搅乱的S-box
参数2是需要加密的数据data
参数3是data的长度. /*加解密*/void rc4_crypt(unsigned char*s,unsigned char*Data,unsigned long Len){ int i=0,j=0,t=0 unsigned long k=0 unsigned char tmp for(k=0k<Lenk++) { i=(i+1)%256 j=(j+s[i])%256 tmp=s[i] s[i]=s[j]//交换s[x]和s[y] s[j]=tmp t=(s[i]+s[j])%256 Data[k]^=s[t] }}最后,在main函数中,调用顺序如下: int main(){unsigned char s[256]={0},s2[256]={0}//S-boxchar key[256]={justfortest}char pData[512]=这是一个用来加密的数据Dataunsigned long len=strlen(pData)int iprintf(pData=%s\n,pData)printf(key=%s,length=%d\n\n,key,strlen(key))rc4_init(s,(unsigned char*)key,strlen(key))//已经完成了初始化printf(完成对S[i]的初始化,如下:\n\n)for(i=0i<256i++){ printf(%02X,s[i]) if(i&&(i+1)%16==0)putchar('\n')}printf(\n\n)for(i=0i<256i++)//用s2[i]暂时保留经过初始化的s[i],很重要的!!!{ s2[i]=s[i]}printf(已经初始化,现在加密:\n\n)rc4_crypt(s,(unsigned char*)pData,len)//加密printf(pData=%s\n\n,pData)printf(已经加密,现在解密:\n\n)//rc4_init(s,(unsigned char*)key,strlen(key))//初始化密钥rc4_crypt(s2,(unsigned char*)pData,len)//解密printf(pData=%s\n\n,pData)return0}因此最终的完整程序是: //程序开始#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>typedef unsigned longULONG/*初始化函数*/void rc4_init(unsigned char*s, unsigned char*key, unsigned long Len){ int i = 0, j = 0 char k[256] = { 0 } unsigned char tmp = 0 for (i = 0 i<256 i++) { s[i] = i k[i] = key[i%Len] } for (i = 0 i<256 i++) { j = (j + s[i] + k[i]) % 256 tmp = s[i] s[i] = s[j]//交换s[i]和s[j] s[j] = tmp }}/*加解密*/void rc4_crypt(unsigned char*s, unsigned char*Data, unsigned long Len){ int i = 0, j = 0, t = 0 unsigned long k = 0 unsigned char tmp for (k = 0 k<Len k++) { i = (i + 1) % 256 j = (j + s[i]) % 256 tmp = s[i] s[i] = s[j]//交换s[x]和s[y] s[j] = tmp t = (s[i] + s[j]) % 256 Data[k] ^= s[t] }}int main(){ unsigned char s[256] = { 0 }, s2[256] = { 0 }//S-box char key[256] = { justfortest } char pData[512] = 这是一个用来加密的数据Data unsigned long len = strlen(pData) int i printf(pData=%s\n, pData) printf(key=%s,length=%d\n\n, key, strlen(key)) rc4_init(s, (unsigned char*)key, strlen(key))//已经完成了初始化 printf(完成对S[i]的初始化,如下:\n\n) for (i = 0 i<256 i++) { printf(%02X, s[i]) if (i && (i + 1) % 16 == 0)putchar('\n') } printf(\n\n) for (i = 0 i<256 i++)//用s2[i]暂时保留经过初始化的s[i],很重要的!!! { s2[i] = s[i] } printf(已经初始化,现在加密:\n\n) rc4_crypt(s, (unsigned char*)pData, len)//加密 printf(pData=%s\n\n, pData) printf(已经加密,现在解密:\n\n) //rc4_init(s,(unsignedchar*)key,strlen(key))//初始化密钥 rc4_crypt(s2, (unsigned char*)pData, len)//解密 printf(pData=%s\n\n, pData) return 0}//程序完