一.工厂方式:先创建对象,再向对象添加方法和属性,封闭后调用不要使用new操作符创建对象。使用这种方法有很多弊端,把方法定义在工厂函数内部的时候,每次调用的时候都会产生新的函数
function factory(name,person,address,time){
var tmp=new Object
tmp.name=name
tmp.person=person
tmp.address=address
tmp.workTime=function(){
alert("we start to work at" + time)
}
return tmp
}
var factory1=factory("drugs",100,"huashan Rd",10)
var factory2=factory("TCMdrugs",100,"hongqiao Rd",11)
factory1.workTime()
factory2.workTime()//Here,factory1 and factory2 have different method
对这种问题虽然可以用下面的方式改进,但是缺乏很好的封装性
function factory(name,person,address,time){
var tmp=new Object
tmp.name=name
tmp.person=person
tmp.address=address
tmp.workTime=workTime()
return tmp
}
function workTime(){
alert("we start to work at" + this.time)
}
二,构造函数方式,在构造函数内部不创建对象,使用this关键字,使用时候用new操作符,存在和工厂方式相同的问题,重复创建函数。
function counstruct(name,person,address,time){
this.name=name
this.person=person
this.address=address
this.workTime=function(){
alert("we start to work at" + this.time)
}
}
三.原型方式:利用prototype属性来实现属性和方法,可以通过instanceof 检查对象类型,解决了重复创建函数的问题,但不能通过传递参数初始化属性
function Car(){
}
Car.prototype.color = "red"
Car.prototype.doors = 4
Car.prototype.mpg = 23
Car.prototype.showColor = function(){
alert(this.color)
}
var car1 = new Car()
var car2 = new Car()
但是如果遇到下面的情况,又出问题了
Car.prototype.drivers = new Array("mike", "sue")
car1.drivers.push("matt")
alert(car1.drivers) //outputs "mike,sue,matt"
alert(car2.drivers) //outputs "mike,sue,matt"
drivers是指向Array对象的指针,Car的两个实例都指向同一个数组。
四.混合的构造函数/原型方式:针对原型方式的解决方案
function Car(sColor, iDoors, iMpg){
this.color = sColor
this.doors = iDoors
this.mpg = iMpg
this.drivers = new Array("mike", "sue")
}
Car.prototype.showColor = function (){
alert(this.color)
}
var car1 = new Car("red", 4, 23)
var car2 = new Car("blue", 3, 25)
car1.drivers.push("matt")
alert(car1.drivers)
alert(car2.drivers)
五.动态原型方式:这种方式是极力推荐的方式,避免了前面几种方式所出现的问题,提供了更友好的编码风格
function Car(sColor, iDoors, iMpg){
this.color = sColor
this.doors = iDoors
this.mpg = iMpg
this.drivers = new Array("mike", "sue")
if(typeof Car.initialized == "undefined"){
Car.prototype.showColor = function (){
alert(this.color)
}
Car.initialized = true
}
}
var car1 = new Car("red", 4, 23)
var car2 = new Car("blue", 3, 25)
car1.drivers.push("matt")
alert(car1.drivers)
alert(car2.drivers)
六.混合工厂方式:和工厂方式有些相似,但采用new关键字实例化,具有和工厂方式相同的弊端,不推荐使用
在JavaScript中定义对象可以采用以下几种方式:1.基于已有对象扩充其属性和方法
2.工厂方式
3.构造函数方式
4.原型(“prototype”)方式
5.动态原型方式 -- 1.基于已有对象扩充其属性和方法
object.name = "zhangsan"
object.sayName = function(name)
{
this.name = name
alert(this.name)
}
object.sayName("lisi") -- 2.工厂方式
function createObject()
{
var object = new Object()
object.username = "zhangsan"
object.password = "123"
object.get = function()
{
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password)
}
return object
}
var object1 = createObject()
var object2 = createObject()
object1.get()
-- 采用带参数的构造方法:
function createObject(username, password)
{
var object = new Object()
object.username = username
object.password = password
object.get = function()
{
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password)
}
return object
}
var object1 = createObject("zhangsan", "123")
object1.get()
function Student(id,name) {this.id = id
this.name =name
this.total =function (num1,num2) {
return num1+num2
}
}
var st = new Student('id1','小王')
console.log(st.id,st.name,st.total(1,2))