2.其中定时用了两种方法。一种是用取消息。另一种是延时队列。这里只使用了取消息的方法。延时队列由于我机器上是vc6.0，CreateTimerQueue在本人机器上无法使用，需要新的sdk，所以没有加以验证，但取消息的方式是可行的。
3.稍稍验证了下，基本满足要求。
-------------------------------------------
程序如下：
// DigitalClock.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <winbase.h>
typedef struct _st_time{
int hour
int min
int sec
}ST_TIME
ST_TIME g_Time // The struct contain the hour,min and sec.
HANDLE g_hStdout //
WORD g_cxCenter, g_cyCenter // Center of the screen.
HANDLE g_DoneEvent// The program could be over.
BOOL g_ThreadTerminated // The Thread should be terminated.
#define SECOND_CIRCLE 60
#define MINUTE_CIRCLE 60
#define HOUR_CIRCLE 24
void TimeIncreaseSecond(ST_TIME &st)
{
st.sec ++
if (st.sec >= SECOND_CIRCLE)
{
st.sec -= SECOND_CIRCLE
st.min++
if (st.min >= MINUTE_CIRCLE)
{
st.min -= MINUTE_CIRCLE
st.hour++
if (st.hour >= HOUR_CIRCLE)
{
st.hour -= HOUR_CIRCLE
}
}
}
}
void PrintTimeToScreen(HANDLE hStdout, short cxCenter, short cyCenter, ST_TIME st)
{
char buf[64] = {0}
COORD crdPos
// make it format to output.
sprintf (buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d", st.hour, st.min, st.sec)
crdPos.X = cxCenter - 4
crdPos.Y = cyCenter
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdout, crdPos)
printf(buf)
}
#ifdef USE_TIMERQUEUE
// if we use the timer queue function.
// Its procdure is in this.
void CALLBACK TimerRoutine (LPVOID lpParam, BOOL TimerOrWaitFired)
{
if (lpParam == NULL)
{
printf ("NULL parameters.\n")
}
else
{
ST_TIME *st = (ST_TIME *)lpParam
TimeIncreaseSecond(st)
PrintTimeToScreen(g_hStdout, g_cxCenter, g_cyCenter, *st)
}
}
#else
DWORD WINAPI TimerThreadProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
#define ID_TIMER_SECOND 1
MSG msg
BOOL ret
ST_TIME *st = (ST_TIME *)lpParam
SetTimer(NULL, ID_TIMER_SECOND, 1000, NULL)
PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, WM_USER, WM_USER, PM_NOREMOVE)
while (!g_ThreadTerminated &&(ret = GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) != 0)
{
if (ret == -1)
{
//process fatal event.
}
else if (msg.message == WM_TIMER)
{
TimeIncreaseSecond(*st)
PrintTimeToScreen(g_hStdout, g_cxCenter, g_cyCenter, *st)
}
else
{
TranslateMessage (&msg)
DispatchMessage (&msg)
}
}
return 1
}
#endif
// If the ctrl+break combined key pressed. call this function.
// It set the g_DoneEvent. this terminate the program.
BOOL WINAPI CtrlHandler(DWORD fdwCtrlType)
{
switch (fdwCtrlType)
{
case CTRL_BREAK_EVENT:
// Terminate the program.
printf ("Terminate.\n")
SetEvent(g_DoneEvent)
return TRUE
default:
return FALSE
}
}
BOOL InitApplication()
{
// Get the stdin and stdout handle.
HANDLE hStdIn
hStdIn = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
if (hStdIn == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
return FALSE
g_hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
// Set the mode, make the input echo.
DWORD fOldMode
GetConsoleMode(hStdIn, &fOldMode)
fOldMode |= ENABLE_LINE_INPUT | ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT
SetConsoleMode(hStdIn, fOldMode)
// Set the window buffer.
// make a line 40 columns.
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo
GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(g_hStdout, &csbiInfo)
csbiInfo.srWindow.Right = 40
// get the center point.
g_cxCenter = csbiInfo.srWindow.Right / 2
g_cyCenter = csbiInfo.srWindow.Bottom / 2
// Set the window.
SetConsoleWindowInfo(g_hStdout, TRUE, &csbiInfo.srWindow)
return TRUE
}
BOOL PrintTheInitalStateAndGetInput(HANDLE hStdout, WORD cxCenter, WORD cyCenter, ST_TIME &time)
{
#define GAPS_LEFT_COLON (-2)
#define GAPS_RIGHT_COLON (1)
#define GAPS_LEFT_UNDERLINE_START (-4)
#define GAPS_MIDDLE_UNDERLINE_START (-1)
#define GAPS_RIGHT_UNDERLINE_START (2)
// __:__:__
// So the left ":" center -2
// so the right ":" center + 1
// so the left "_" center - 4
// so the lfet "_" center - 1
// so the right "_" center + 2
COORD crdPos
crdPos.X = cxCenter + GAPS_LEFT_COLON
crdPos.Y = cyCenter
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdout, crdPos)
printf (":")
crdPos.X = cxCenter + GAPS_RIGHT_COLON
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdout, crdPos)
printf (":")
crdPos.X = cxCenter + GAPS_LEFT_UNDERLINE_START
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdout, crdPos)
scanf ("%d", &time.hour)
crdPos.X = cxCenter + GAPS_MIDDLE_UNDERLINE_START
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdout, crdPos)
scanf ("%d", &time.min)
crdPos.X = cxCenter + GAPS_RIGHT_UNDERLINE_START
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdout, crdPos)
scanf ("%d", &time.sec)
if (time.hour <0 || time.hour >HOUR_CIRCLE ||
time.min <0 || time.min >MINUTE_CIRCLE ||
time.sec <0 || time.sec >SECOND_CIRCLE)
return FALSE
return TRUE
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
InitApplication()
PrintTheInitalStateAndGetInput(g_hStdout, g_cxCenter, g_cyCenter, g_Time)
// create a event to tell the program to terminate.
g_DoneEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL)
#ifdef USE_TIMERQUEUE
HANDLE hTimerQueue, hTimer
hTimerQueue = CreateTimerQueue()
if (!CreateTimerQueueTimer(&hTimer,
hTimerQueue, TimerRoutine, &g_Time, 1000, 0, 0))
{
printf("CreateTimerQueueTimer failed (%d)\\n", GetLastError())
return 3
}
#else
// create the thread.
HANDLE hThreadTimer
DWORD dwThreadId
g_ThreadTerminated = FALSE
hThreadTimer = CreateThread(NULL, 0,
TimerThreadProc, &g_Time, 0, &dwThreadId)
if (hThreadTimer == NULL)
{
}
#endif
SetConsoleCtrlHandler(CtrlHandler, TRUE)
if (WaitForSingleObject(g_DoneEvent, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
printf("WaitForSingleObject failed (%d)\\n", GetLastError())
#ifdef USE_TIMERQUEUE
if (!DeleteTimerQueue(hTimerQueue))
printf("DeleteTimerQueue failed(%d) \\n", GetLastError())
#else
g_ThreadTerminated = TRUE
if (WaitForSingleObject(hThreadTimer, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
printf("WaitForSingleObject failed (%d)\\n", GetLastError())
#endif
return 0
}
--------------------------------------------
下面是纯c的。
有几个问题：
1.textmode函数在turboc中没有办法使用，不知道是什么问题，而borland c就可以。
2.无论怎么设置，自己的ctrlbreak函数在上述两个环境中都不能被调用，非常遗憾。所以不能够优雅的退出。只能按两次ctrlbreak。
下面是程序。
------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#define ABORT 0
int jump_out_loop = -1
int jump_out(void)
{
jump_out_loop = 1
printf("Abort ..\n")
return ABORT
}
int main(void)
{
struct text_info ti
int center_x, center_y
int hour, min, sec
char str_out[64] = {0}
clrscr()
/*textmode(BW40)*/
/*textmode在turbo c下设置会出问题*/
gettextinfo(&ti)
center_x = ti.winright / 2
center_y = ti.winbottom / 2
gotoxy(center_x - 4, center_y)
cprintf(" : : ")
gotoxy(center_x - 4, center_y)
cscanf("%d", &hour)
gotoxy(center_x - 1, center_y)
cscanf("%d", &min)
gotoxy(center_x + 2, center_y)
cscanf("%d", &sec)
/* check input valid or not */
{}
setcbrk(1)
ctrlbrk(jump_out)
/*jump_out没有起到作用,实在不好意思.*/
/*
if (getcbrk())
printf("crtl break is on\n")
else
printf("is off\n")
*/
while (1)
{
delay(1000)
sec++
if (sec >= 60)
{
sec -= 60
min++
if (min >= 60)
{
min -= 60
hour++
if (hour >= 24)
{
hour -= 24
}
}
}
sprintf(str_out, "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec)
gotoxy(center_x - 4, center_y)
cprintf(str_out)
}
/* getch()*/
return 0
}
一、输入数字可以用scanf输入。如果输入的是整型数据，可以用
int a
scanf("%d",&a)
实现把输入的数字赋值给a的效果。
类似的，如果是float, double,short,long等类型的数据，那么就要把变量定义成对应的类型，然后使用各自的格式字符%f,%lf,%hd,%ld等进行输入。
二、输入单个字符。
输入单个字符可以用以下两种函数。
定义char c
1 scanf("%c", &c)
这种方法和输入数字是类似的，%c仅读入一个字符，并赋值给c。
2 c = getchar()
getchar函数的功能就是读入一个字符，并以返回值形式返回。
三、输入一串字符(以空白字符分隔)。
可以用scanf的%s格式。
char str[100]//空间要定义足够大
scanf("%s", str)//将字符串读入并存在str中
四，读入一行数据。
可以用gets函数。gets的功能就是读入一整行数据，以换行符为结束。
char str[100]//同样要足够大的空间
gets(str)
补充，无论哪种形式的输入，都可以用getchar逐个输入到字符串中，然后判断结束符以结束输入，再对字符串做处理。这种方法对编程水平要求比前几种略高，代码量也更大，但好处是完全自己控制，更加灵活。
