f=File.new(File.join("C:","Test.txt"), "w+")
f.puts("I am Jack")
f.puts("Hello World")
文件模式
"r" :Read-only. Starts at beginning of file (default mode).
"r+" :Read-write. Starts at beginning of file.
"w" :Write-only. Truncates existing file to zero length or creates a new file for writing.
"w+" :Read-write. Truncates existing file to zero length or creates a new file for reading and writing.
"a" :Write-only. Starts at end of file if file existsotherwise, creates a new file for writing.
"a+" :Read-write. Starts at end of file if file existsotherwise, creates a new file for reading and writing.
"b" :(DOS/Windows only.) Binary file mode. May appear with any of the key letters listed above
二、读取文件
file=File.open(File.join("C:","Test.txt"),"r")
file.each { |line| print "#{file.lineno}.", line }
file.close
三、新建、删除、重命名文件
File.new( "books.txt", "w" )
File.rename( "books.txt", "chaps.txt" )
File.delete( "chaps.txt" )
四、目录操作
1 创建目录
Dir.mkdir("c:/testdir")
04 #删除目录
05 Dir.rmdir("c:/testdir")
07 #查询目录里的文件
08 p Dir.entries(File.join("C:","Ruby")).join(' ')
10 #遍历目录
11 Dir.entries(File.join("C:","Ruby")).each {
|e| puts e
}
1、ARGV and ARGF
ARGV
ARGV <<"cnblogslink.txt"
#The gets method is a Kernel method that gets lines from ARGV
print while gets
p ARGV.class
ARGF
while line = ARGF.gets
print line
end
2、文件信息查询
#文件是否存在
p File::exists?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>true
#是否是文件
p File.file?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>true
#是否是目录
p File::directory?( "c:/ruby" ) # =>true
p File::directory?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>false
#文件权限
p File.readable?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>true
p File.writable?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>true
p File.executable?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>false
#是否是零长度
p File.zero?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>false
#文件大小 bytes
p File.size?( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>74
p File.size( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>74
#文件或文件夹
p File::ftype( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>"file"
#文件创建、修改、最后一次存取时间
p File::ctime( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>Sat Sep 19 08:05:07 +0800 2009
p File::mtime( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>Sat Sep 19 08:06:34 +0800 2009
p File::atime( "cnblogslink.txt" ) # =>Sat Sep 19 08:05:07 +0800 2009
3、查找文件
puts "查找目录下所有文件及文件夹"
Dir["c:/ruby/*"].each {|x|
puts x
}
puts "条件查询"
Dir.foreach('c:/ruby') {
|x| puts x if x != "." &&x != ".."
}
puts "查找某一类型文件"
Dir["*.rb"].each {|x|
puts x
}
puts "Open 查询"
Dir.open('c:/ruby') { |d| d.grep /l/ }.each{|x| puts x}
puts "---------------------------"
puts "正则表达式查询"
Dir["c:/ruby/ruby/[rs]*"].each{|x| puts x}
puts "------------------------"
Dir["c:/ruby/[^s]*"].each{|x| puts x}
puts "------------------------"
Dir["c:/ruby/{ruby,li}*"].each{|x| puts x}
puts "------------------------"
Dir["c:/ruby/?b*"].each{|x| puts x}
puts "查找目录及子目录的文件"
require 'find'
Find.find('./') { |path| puts path }
3、查询目录及子目录文件
require "find"
Find.find("/etc/passwd", "/var/spool/lp1", ".") do |f|
Find.prune if f == "."
puts f
end
原型:ref.find( [ aName ]* ) {| aFileName | block }
prune:Skips the current file or directory, restarting the loop with the next entry. If the current file is a directory, that directory will not be recursively entered. Meaningful only within the block associated with Find::find.
4、文件比较 复制等
require 'ftools'
File.copy 'testfile', 'testfile1' » true
File.compare 'testfile', 'testfile1' » true
读取csv文件中读取:一次读入全部(设置headers使 CSV#shift() 以CSV::Row对象返回而不是数组;使
require'csv'CSV#read() 返回 CSV::Table 对象而不是数组)CSV.read('test.csv')#=>Array#headers默认为false,如果设置为true,csv的第一行将被视为标题CSV.read('test.csv',headers:true)#=>CSV::Table#headers设置为数组,这个数组将被作为标题CSV.read('test.csv',headers:[1,2,3,4,5])#headers设置为字符串,这个字符串内容将被作为标题CSV.read('test.csv',headers:"1,2,3,4,5")
文件中读取:一次读入一行
#由于headers配置,返回类型发生变化(这个方法默认为第一行是标题,不会进行返回)CSV.foreach'test.csv'do|row|puts row.class#=>ArrayendCSV.foreach('test.csv',headers:true)do|row|puts row.class#=>CSV::Rowend#return_headers:true 返回标题CSV.foreach('test.csv',return_headers:true)do|row|p row#=>返回Arrayend
字符串中读取:一次读取一行
CSV.parse("CSV,data,String")do|row|# use row here...end
字符串中读取:全部读取
CSV.parse("CSV,data,String")#[]方法需要返回的类型为CSV::ROW所以设置参数headers:truecontent = File.read('data.csv') csv = CSV.parse(content,headers:true) sum =0csv.eachdo|row|sum += row['id'].to_iendputs sum
简单说一下吧,假设你有一个名为example.txt的文件,里面的内容如下:bbb ccc 123
ddd aaa 456
abc efg 789
695 aaa uwi
注意,这里我举的例子每一列是用空格分隔的。
用ruby读取的代码如下:
f = File.open("example.txt")
f.each_line { |line| p line.split.first if line =~ /\saaa\s/ }
运行结果 #=>"ddd"
"695"
OK,大功告成。